The governorships of Egypt’s 27 provinces have long been prime posts for solidifying the president’s power. The governors are appointed by the president and generally implement his policies. Under Mubarak, the positions went to retired military generals or ruling party loyalists.
On Tuesday, Morsi’s office announced 10 new governors. Four of the new names are leading members of the Brotherhood, taking the posts in the southern provinces of Minya and Assiout — two areas with heavy Christian populations — and the Nile Delta provinces of Kafr el-Sheikh and Menoufia, a stronghold of former regime supporters.
In a gesture to Egypt’s still powerful military, three of the new governors are retired generals.
Presidential spokesman Yasser Ali said the new governors were chosen based their “good reputation, not party affiliation.”
Another significant shakeup came in the National Council for Human Rights, a body that Mubarak created in his final years in response to demands for greater respect for human rights. The council, once headed by former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, was touted as a rights watchdog over the government. Other rights groups dismissed it as toothless. However after the revolution, it played an active role in proposing to parliament bills against torture and discrimination against Christians and formed fact-finding missions to investigate killings of anti-military protesters.
The new 27-member council includes at least seven Islamists, including several members of the ultraconservative Salafi movement, which advocates a strict, segregationist interpretation of Islam similar to Saudi Arabia’s.
Many Salafis have voiced opposition to international human rights treaties as “Westernized” standards and to many women’s rights advocates they feel are un-Islamic. They also oppose equal political rights between Muslims and Christians.
Only two members in the new lineup are known as longtime human rights advocates, said Bahy Eddin Hassan, who heads the Arab Center for Human Rights Studies and is not among those on the council. The lineup includes three women — two of whom are Christians — and a third Christian.
“For the first time, we see a council tasked to defend human rights while its members are opponents to human rights,” he said.
One of the two rights activists on the council, Ahmed Seif al-Islam, acknowledged the lack of representatives from established Egyptian rights groups, or from youth or women. But he said the council’s leader, former senior judge Hossam el-Gharyani, will be able to strike a balance.
“I am optimistic,” Seif al-Islam, a prominent rights lawyer, told The Associated Press. “Egyptians became part of the political equation, and the president and his party are in power based on people’s will. This gives us a big space to move and play a role.”
The new council was formed by the upper house of parliament, the Shura Council, which is dominated by the Muslim Brotherhood.
The Shura Council also reshuffled the High Press Council, a state-body in charge of overseeing media regulations, introducing several Islamist politicians as members.
It was the latest move to reshape the state-run newspapers that under Mubarak were mouthpieces for the regime’s fierce anti-Brotherhood campaigns. Last month, the Shoura Council replaced 50 chief editors of state papers, installing Islamists or Brotherhood sympathizers.
In less than three months in office, Morsi has moved to solidify his authority. He removed top military generals who ruled Egypt after last year’s uprising and fired the heads of intelligence and the presidential and Republican guard forces.
He named a team of 21 advisers and aides that are mostly Islamist-leaning figures, including only three women and two Christians, despite campaign promises to appoint a Christian and a woman as vice presidents.
“We are in an era that we can describe as ‘Ikhwanization’ by which the Muslim Brotherhood is imposing control over state institutions,” Hassan said, using the Arabic word for the Brotherhood, “Ikhwan.”
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